日本語とカンボジア語におけるヴォイスの対照研究―使役・受身を中心に―

要旨

Causative and passive constructions express contrasting meanings: the causative shows that an agent causes another participant to do something, while the passive indicates that an agent undergoes an action.In Cambodian, ʔaoj and tvə ̀ə ʔaoj mark causatives and trəw marks passives, whereas in Japanese -saseru and -rareru serve these constructions respectively.However, ʔaoj does not always correspond to -saseru; depending on context, it may convey a passive meaning equivalent to -rareru.For instance, the Japanese sentence "I want to be loved by fans" is expressed using ʔaoj, not trəw.The reason why ʔaoj can function with passive meaning remains uncertain.Adverb co-occurrence also differs across the two languages.Japanese accepts volitional and nonvolitional adverbs in both causative and passive constructions, whereas Cambodian allows them only with ʔaoj / tvə ̀ə ʔaoj, but not with trəw.This suggests that the distinction between causative and passive in Cambodian is less clear-cut and that the two constructions may overlap semantically.This research investigates the semantic continuity between causative and passive constructions in Japanese and Cambodian.It focuses on the functional boundaries and possible correspondences between -saseru and ʔaoj, and between -rareru and trəw.This study also aims to provide a systematic understanding of the relationship between causative and passive constructions, and beyond, by examining similar phenomena.This research addresses four tasks in order, as shown below:(1) Comparing the semantic relationship between -saseru and ʔaoj, and how ʔaoj gets causative meaning.(2) Comparing the passive uses of -rareru and trəw, and also addressing the core meaning of trəw and its restrictions.(3) Reexamining why ʔaoj can be interpreted passively and how causative and passive constructions may resemble each other in both languages.(4) Investigating broader grammatical factors beyond the causative-passive framework that related to the study's results, such as verb classification, agentivity, and volitionality, to achieve a better understanding of both languages.

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