律令国家転換期の須恵器窯業（第Ⅳ部　生産論）

要旨

This paper discusses changes in Sue ware production during the transitional period of the Ritsuryo state (late 8th century through early 9th century) by examining background economic, social and religious factors. Its scope extends to the entire Japanese archipelago, and it examines the rise and fall, kiln techniques (kiln structure, filling and firing), and types of ware produced for each kiln while including regional characteristics. There was a marked decline in Suemura kilns in the environs of the walled capital city, which was a major location of kilns in Japan. They were replaced by active production by kilns in outlying areas of the city, including kilns on the western foothills of Ikoma Mountain. One reason was their location on the outskirts, which was beneficial for trade at a time when a distribution economy was developing. Despite only a cursory study of distribution, it would appear that the bringing in of Harima, Sanuki and Bizen Sue ware was closely related to the development of marine transportation on the Seto Inland Sea. From the perspective of religion, from the middle of the 8th century when state Buddhism was at its height changes began to occur in the system of the presentation of earthenware, which had significance in subordination rituals as well as imperial rituals themselves that used large ceremonial vessels. As a result, the role played by the area responsible for supplying Suemura Sue ware, the main type that was used, probably became relatively minor. During the period of transition, a common production strategy was adopted by kilns across the country. This was a change toward prioritizing economy to achieve a balance between cost and quality. In two periods ― the end of the 6th century and in the latter half of the 7th century ― there were many similarities in not only the production strategies but also the techniques introduced to kilns everywhere. However, the latter half of the 8th century was notable for the emergence of diverse choices for techniques, which subsequently led to clear regional characteristics. In broad terms there were four types of regions. One consisted of the Suemura kilns and Ushikubi kilns that had previously moved away from intensive Sue ware production. One possible reason for this was the decrease in demand for Sue ware stemming from the decline in community festivals and rituals in surrounding society, which was relatively independent. The second region was the Sanage kilns in the Tokai which had used their technical capabilities to build a brand-like status for themselves as a producing region. The surrounding area became a major producer of hard pottery (shiki). The third region comprised Harima and Sanuki, which made the most of the distribution economy and their proximity to urban centers to develop new Sue ware production, such as introducing a system of having different kilns produce different types of ware. The fourth are the kilns in the Hokuriku, Kanto and Tohoku regions, which had inherited traditional Sue ware production. In contrast, society in the Kinai region, which generated demand for Sue ware, appeared conservative in its governance, economy and religion. These regional characteristics seen in the earthenware industry during the transitional period formed the beginnings of the world of pottery that was to develop from the end of the ancient period through the beginning of the medieval period.

主題