日本語の他動性構文論の記述を目指して : 奥田靖雄構文理論の継承と発展

要旨

This study aims to re-describe Yasuo Okuda’s series of work on “Constructional types of the combination of accusative nouns and verbs”, modifying it as a theory of transitive constructions. As a preliminary step, I will discuss his ideas of “system,” “construction,” and “element” using the constructions of psycho-verbs as examples. According to Okuda, “construction” is the order of relations between elements. The elements, which are parts of a whole, are not gathered together in a meaningless and disorderly manner, but are connected in a meaningful way to form a whole. In the Construction Grammar of Cognitive Linguistics, the construction is sometimes discussed as if it were an entity which is completely independent of its elements; however, since construction is an order of relations among elements, it is not completely independent of its elements and its independence is relative. Nonetheless, they have in common that constructions are socially real as conventionalized and generalized patterns through repeated use. Constructional patterns affect the elements as a relatively independent organizations of meaning and form, and at the same time the quality of the elements defines the construction. In addition, we proposed the importance of the “categorical meaning” of words as an element in the construction of a sentence. “Categorical meaning” is an aspect of lexical meaning of a word that is exhibited when it participates in the construction of a sentence. It is a semantic aspect common to words that enter the same grammatical construction. The verb miru (to look) expresses visual perception when the object is a noun with the categorical meaning of a concrete object. In contrast, when it is combined with an abstract noun, it expresses mental cognition (thought). On the other hand, when combined with an adjective with the categorical meaning of evaluation, such as A-o amau-ku miru (take A too easy), the construction expresses an emotional evaluative attitude. In addition, when combined with nouns that are neutral in evaluation, the construction A-o B-to miru (to regard A as B) expresses the meaning of judgment. Thus, when there is the change in categorical meaning of each element, one construction moves to another. This relationship between constructions is what we call a paradigmatic system (network) of constructions.

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