日本の古辞書に見る中国語の 接尾辞「〜子｣について

要旨

This paper analyzed how ~子, suffix of Chinese, is represented in ancient dictionary of Japanese and found themain usage of the suffix has been used by joined with animals, plants, peple, tools, costumes, and objects. For example, the vocabularies joined up the ~子 is not traditional Japanese language, but is Chinese spoken language. The classic Japanese dictionaries that are used to analyse this usage are 『新撰字鏡󰡕、『箋注倭名類聚集抄󰡕、『色葉字類抄󰡕、『下学集󰡕、『運歩色葉集󰡕、『古本節用集󰡕、『多識編󰡕、『合類節用集󰡕、『和漢音釈書言字考節用集󰡕、『漢語跬歩󰡕、『漢語古諺熟語大辞林󰡕. As a result of the analysis of the classic Japanese dictionaries, the usage of ~子 has a long years. For example, in the Heian era’s dictionaries, while a few word examples are found in 『新撰字鏡󰡕, a variety of the usage examples are found the represenation in 『箋注倭名類聚集抄󰡕 . In spite of decreasing in the middle age, the usage of the ~子, were increased from modern times as the importance of the word usage has been recognised. Various usage types are found when ~子 usage is examined in the Japanese classic dictionaries. From the analysis, this paper found the use of ~子 in relation to ‘plants’ is overwhelmingly used. It is not straightforward to figure out why plants related wordsare dominated in the Japanese classic dictionaries. For example, the plants using ~子 also included vegetables, fruits and oriental medicine. Beside, the ~子 is also found in word and expressions of equipments and instrumental tools. The appearance of the ~子 usage is different in the dictionary types, but life based vocabularies are mainly used. Meanwhile, to search colloquial elements of ~子, the dictionaries such as『多識篇󰡕『漢語跬歩󰡕『漢語古諺熟語大辞󰡕are used, and it is found that these three dictionaries which are a representative Tang dynasty’s story dictionary contain ~子 letter. Especially, few examples of plants typed vocabularies are used in textbook dictionaries such as『漢語跬歩󰡕. Rather, this paper found that life based vocabularies such as ~子 usage in instrumental tools and equipments are more included. Finally, this paper suggests futher research works should include how ~子usages are found not only in traditional classic dictionaries but also from literature in various historical era and periods.

主題