文安・宝徳期の武家歌壇 : 能登守護畠山義忠と正徹

要旨

This paper investigates the people who produced poems in the poetry gatherings held by Hatakeyama Yoshitada, whose Buddhist name was Kenryo, the shugo of Noto Province, and the status and organization of the public officials, warriors and monks who attended these gatherings. The chief source for this investigation is the work entitled “Waka Poets in Journeys, When Kenryo Go Pilgrimage to Sumiyoshi, Tamatsushima, Mt. Koya” (“Kenryo's Pilgrimage to Sumiyoshi, Tamatsushima and Mt. Koya and People Met on His Journeys”) contained in “Waka Poems on A Hawk” formerly held in the Tanaka Yutaka Collection and now held in the collection of the National Museum of Japanese History. For the purposes of this paper the work will be referred to as “Kenryo Koya-san Sankei Roji Waka” (“Waka Poems of Kenryo's Pilgrimage to Mt. Koya and Journeys”). The book “Takauta Nado” formerly in the Tanaka Collection has many items related to the Zen monk poet Shotetsu, including ten new poems by Shotetsu amongst an unorganized assortment of copied poems. However, being transcriptions of written copies of poems from a time near to the editing of Shotetsu's “Sokonshu” collection of poems, caution is required when looking at these poems. “Waka Poems of Kenryo's Pilgrimage to Mt. Koya and Journeys” is also included amongst this kind of set of materials. External evidence puts the date of its compilation within three or four years before or after 1446. It is worth noting that the poets who attended these poetry gatherings were confined to Shotetsu and monks who were Gyoko's disciples. Independent books remaining from poetry gatherings held by Hatakeyama Yoshitada, are “Hatakeyama Shosakutei Shiika” and “Shosho Hakkei Uta”. In both cases the writers of the poems are predominantly those from poet families or shugo daimyo. Using “Hatakeyama Shosakutei Shiika” as a guide and making a comparison with Shotetsu's “Sokonshu” and Gyoko's “Gyoko Hoin Nikki”, the poets who attended Kenryo's poetry gatherings included members of the warrior class who served the bakufu and became active as poets after having turned their backs on their families and the world. These poets were not the same as the disciples of professional poets whose poems were the only ones included in “Waka Poems of Kenryo's Pilgrimage to Mt. Koya and Journeys”. “Hatakeyama Shosakutei Shiika” and “Shosho Hakkei Uta” tell us that Kenryo was closely acquainted with Gozan monks. We may conclude, therefore, that he played a supportive role in gatherings at which poets and Gozan monks assembled. The holding of poetry gatherings is mentioned frequently in the “Sokonshu”, where it is written that there were also gatherings that combined Chinese poetry with Japanese waka. The poetry gatherings held by Kenryo served as “venues” for the arts that transcended both class and the different schools of poetry.

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