A Study on Schizothymics

要旨

Our laboratory attempts to confirm the truth of Kretschmer's characterology, particularly taking normal subjects for the study.(1) Physical Habitus in Relation to mental Type Fifty subjects each, remarkably schizothymic or zyclothymic, were selected from among some 400, by means of Kibler's autodiagnosis; physical researches in the selected schizothymic were made by two methods: a physical measurement and Galton's composite portraiture. The result was that the schizothymic are inferior to the zyclothymic (the data of their physical measurement are omitted in this paper) in weight and thorax, while superior in height. The schizothymic were proved by composite portraiture evidently leptosomous, being rather approximate to leptosome than being athletic in their physique. As for their countenance, it is strongly marked with something impressive aristocratic, stern, callous, fantastic and unrealistic.(2) Result of Experimental Typo-Psychological Studies Eleven methods have so far been adopted for experimental psychological study of character. In addition to them, we took a step forward to observation of the characteristics of mental work by the method of Kraepelin's Addition. It was proved that the schizothymic display in most respects characteristics resembling dementia precox, which happened to indirectly indorse the pertinence of Kretschmer's view.(3) Heredity Eight subjects extremely inclined to schizothym were researched in regard to their hereditary mental traits as traced back three or four generations. The result of the researches was as below:(a) Schizothymic traits are dividedly marked in individuals belonging to the same lineage.(b) The physical habitus is inherited simultaneously with those mental traits.(c) Not infrequently such conspicuous mental characteristics as stinginess: capriciousness in vocation; roving habit; utter disregard of etiquettes, traditions and customs; pseudo-patrioticism; versatility, etc. are found repeatedly in individuals of the same lineage.(4) Schizothymic in connection with Introversion-Extroversion and Neurosis For this study we adopted to the same and one subject jointly Kibler's autodiagnosis, Thurstone's neurotic inventory, Woodworth psychological neurotic inventory, Freyd's introversion test and Neymann and .Kohlstedt's diagnostic test for introversion-extroversion. The result proved that the greater part of those in whom one of these traits; introversion, extroversion and neurosis, is remarkable also possess the two other traits to a large extent. Single existence of one of these types, however, is once in a while found in some cases, which brings us to the conclusion that the three character types should not necessarily be regarded as similar. Our further clinical study: namely, each individual's anamnesis, family history and life history may prove dissimilarity of the above three types.

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