北海道方言における「逆使役構文」に関する認知的考察 A Cognitive Study of Anti-causative Construction in Hokkaido Dialect

要旨

This research has examined the conceptual structure represented by “-rasar-“ construction, the particular to the Hokkaido dialect. In general, this construction is recognized as “spontaneous construction” by Sasaki (2007). The phenomenon of intransitivization has been reported in the literature on the Hokkaido dialect. The syntactic mechanism has well been described, however, there is no clear explanation of its meanings, especially the outstanding feature of avoiding responsibilities for action. In this research, I have proposed that from the viewpoint of cognitive grammar and ecological psychology started by Gibson, the basis of its use (meaning) is clearly explained. By using the classification of syntactic characteristics, “-rasar-“ construction is compared with the relative constructions of standard Japanese in order to clarify the semantic use of the construction, and then the similarity of “-rasar-“ construction is shown through comparing with the middle construction of English. The semantic similarity between the middle construction and “-rasar-“ construction has been pointed out by Takahashi (2012), however, they are not identical in syntax. This implies that the cognitive approach facilitates the explanation of similar characteristics over different syntactic systems. The analysis of middle construction by Taniguchi (2005) is applicable for analyzing “-rasar-“ construction. The “-rasar-“ construction is construed as the event represented by the verb is caused not by the Agent or due to the attribution of the Agent, however, the attribution of the Patient or the other environmental properties can become the factor to occur or prevent the event. The basic meaning of the “-rasar-“ construction can be explained by following the analysis from the viewpoint of biological psychology. According to the analysis made by Honda (2005), some linguistic expression, like the middle of English, corresponds to the perception of affordance. In this research, I made a classification following the features of affordance and observed that each feature corresponds to the features of the uses of “-rasar-“ construction. I concluded that the basis of use (or meaning) of the “-rasar-“ construction is to express the perception of affordance. This research suggests that the other particular dialects can be explained by cognitive approach and other related constructions related to “-rasar-“ construction possibly be motivated and analyzed from the viewpoint of ecological psychology.

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