Incremental validity of the sense of coherence vis-à-vis depressive tendencies and dispositional aggression

要旨

Background Sense of coherence (SOC) strongly predicts health-related indicators such as depressive tendencies and aggression. However, further investigation of its measurement, related factors, and theoretical positioning is essential. We examined whether SOC is a valid indicator of depressive tendencies, dispositional aggression, and other unique aspects, even when controlling for Dark Triad (DT) and Big Five (BF) traits. Participants and procedure In this quantitative online cross-sectional study conducted in June 2019, data from 1,626 participants (759 men, 867 women; mean age = 29.90, SD = 13.77) were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The survey comprised the Japanese versions of the 29-item SOC scale, Short DT, BF scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and SOC were correlated with hostility (ps < .01); Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and SOC were correlated with anger (ps < .01); Machiavellianism and psychopathy were correlated with verbal aggression (ps < .01); and Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and SOC were correlated with physical aggression (ps < .01). Overall, SOC was correlated with depressive tendencies, hostility, and physical aggression even after accounting for the BF and DT. Conclusions This study reinforces SOC’s value as a unique construct that contributes to understanding personality traits and health-related behaviors. Unlike neuroticism and DT traits, SOC promotes adaptive and prosocial behaviors. It fosters effective stress management, self-development, and resilience. In other words, the multidimensional nature of SOC is thought to encompass both self-centered and prosocial elements, reflecting its role in facilitating coping and personal growth.

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