INTELLIGENCE TEST IN JAPAN

要旨

Recently almost all kinds of personality tests in America and Europe have been tra11Slated and adapted for Japanese use, but before the War mere were only few in this field.Intelligence test,* however, has developed much earlier than other tests.K. Miyake and T. Ikeda have introduced the 1905 scale of Binet-Simon Intelligence Test in 1908.Since then psychological studies on the intelligence and technical improvement of the intelligence test have, generally speaking, developed steadily, although there were temporary fluctuation in th development.More than one hundred intelligence tests, both individual and group, have been constructed, and today not less man fifty tests are in general use.We must make a distinction between administrative problems of intelligence tests and research problems on intelligence.The author will describe these problems in order: 1) a short history of intelligence test construction and admini~tration, 2) recent research problems on intelligence, and a new system of intelligence tests.Research articles appear usually in the Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology (TIEP)and the Japanese Journal of Psychology GJP), but papers on test construction and administration are rarely found in regular periodicals.Annual reports of research institutes, books and pamphlets which are issued by the publishers are information sources.In Japan, there is no authorized code of restriction of the test distribution to nonprofessional people, but it is a serious problem.Qualifying problems of the professional test technician are also serious at present. -------------* The title of intelligence test which was used at the beginning of the Twentieth Century was written in Japanese as "t\'1l~~n:: (chino-satei)" or "t\'::tJiI\Un:: (chiryoku-sokutei)", but recently it has been slightly changed for convenience sake.Nowadays its most popular name is ":m1l~~~ (chino-kensa)" or ":m1l~;r A r (chino-tesuto)".The letter ":m (chi)" is a comprehensive term.It implies intellect and iritelligence.The letter "~ (no)" means ability.The word .. ~j!t (kensa)" means test.And the word ";r A r (tesuto)" which is composed by three Japanese "katakana"letters is equal to the term "test" phonetically.

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