「名詞+動詞連用形」複合語の形態的・音韻的性質について : 形態構造・アクセント・拍数・連濁現象に着目して

要旨

This paper examines the morpho-phonological properties of Japanese deverbal compounds, focusing on their structures, accentuation, mora counts, and the phenomenon known as rendaku (sequential voicing). Rendaku is a process where the voiceless inhibitory sound of the back element of a compound becomes voiced (In Japanese, there is a conflict between the voiceless sound’s /k/, /s/, /t/, /h/ and their voiced sound’s /g/, /z/, /d/, /b/ ). In the case of deverbal compounds, it has been pointed out that if the first element is a direct internal argument of the second (e.g., “mado-fuki[*mado-buki]” (wipe the window)), rendaku is less likely to occur. On the other hand, when the first element is adjunct to the second (e.g., “te-gaki[*tekaki]” (write by hand)), rendaku is more probable (Okumura 1955, Ito & Sugioka 2002). However, this generalization is problematic as it does not account for mora counts and morphological structures. Despite numerous studies on deverbal compounds from various linguistic perspectives, including Japanese Linguistics and English linguistics, a unified explanation integrating morphological structure, mora counts, accentuation, and rendaku remains elusive. This study specifically addresses how mora counts and morphological structures influence rendaku and accentuation. By examining examples from dictionaries, we introduce the concept of "compound-hood," which is determined both morphologically and phonologic ally. We argue that understanding “compound-hood” helps clarify the relationship between factors influencing rendaku. Compounds with an endocentric structure exhibit high "compound-hood" morphologically, while those with an exocentric structure show low "compound-hood." Phonologically, compounds where either or both elements have three or more mora are considered to have high " compound-hood"; compounds with two or fewer mora in both elements have low "compound-hood." This mora count condition affects the plurality of prosodic words. In this paper, compounds with high "compound-hood" in both morphology and phonology are termed “morpho-phonological compound words,” those high only in morphology are morphological compound words,” and those high only in phonology are “phonological compound words.” compounds with low "compound-hood" in both aspects are called “morphophonological simple words.” We argue that rendaku is less likely to occur in "morphophonological simple words."

主題